How Do You Write a Will and Testament in the UK? Step-by-Step Guide
Key Takeaways Writing a will and testament in the UK is vital to ensure your wishes are followed exactly as intended after your death. For your will to be legally valid, you must be over 18, sign it in the presence of two independent witnesses, and give clear instructions for the distribution of your assets. […]
What Is Warranty? UK Contract Law Meaning, Remedies & Examples
Key Takeaways A warranty in UK contract law is a promise within an agreement that certain facts are true or conditions will be met. If breached, it usually entitles the other party to claim damages—not to end the contract. Understanding the difference between a warranty, condition, and representation is essential. Each has different legal consequences, […]
What Is a Data Controller? UK Definition, Roles & Compliance Guide
Key Takeaways A data controller is the individual or organisation deciding why and how personal data is processed under UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. If you are a UK business or sole trader and decide on the collection or use of personal data, you are almost certainly a data controller. Misclassifying your […]
What Can Data Processing Include? UK GDPR & DUAA 2025 Guide
Key Takeaways Data processing under UK GDPR and the DUAA 2025 covers collecting, recording, storing, analysing, updating, or deleting personal information in your business. Business activities such as updating customer records, marketing emails, and using automated decision-making tools are all examples of data processing in the UK. Not all business activities are considered data processing—for […]
How to Create a Legally Binding Contract UK: Step-by-Step Guide
Key Takeaways To create a legally binding contract in the UK, your agreement must include key elements: offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, certainty of terms, lawful purpose, and capacity. Missing a required legal element could make your contract unenforceable, exposing your business to avoidable risks and disputes. Written contracts are easier to […]
Invitation to Treat: Definition, Examples & UK Contract Law Guide
Key Takeaways An invitation to treat is an invitation to negotiate, not a binding offer. This distinction is fundamental in UK contract law. Confusing invitations to treat with offers can result in accidental contracts, unenforceable agreements, or unwanted legal liability. Shop displays, adverts, website listings, and auction catalogues are usually invitations to treat—not offers—so they […]
From What Year Can You Use Copyright Images in the UK?
Key Takeaways In the UK, most copyright images become free to use after 70 years have passed since the creator’s death—known as the “life plus 70 years” rule. To work out from which year you can use a copyright image, you must confirm both the date the image was created and the year the creator […]
What Is an Integrity Breach in GDPR? UK Law, Examples & Reporting
Key Takeaways An integrity breach under UK GDPR means unauthorised or accidental alteration of personal data, threatening its accuracy or reliability. Even if data never leaves your business, accidental changes or tampering can be classed as an integrity breach. Failing to handle integrity breaches correctly can result in ICO fines, damage your reputation, and destroy […]
Nullify the Jury in UK Courts? Jury Nullification Explained
Key Takeaways Jury nullification is not a legal defence in UK courts. It is not possible to ask the court to “nullify the jury” or pursue a verdict that disregards legal directions. If you believe a verdict is unfair, you must follow lawful processes. Options include appeal on specific legal grounds, such as jury bias, […]
Nominal Value in Shares: UK Company Law Guide & Compliance Steps
Key Takeaways Nominal value in shares is the fixed face value each share carries under UK law and is crucial for accurate company records and compliance. Setting the correct nominal value for shares helps ensure your company meets the requirements of the UK Companies Act 2006 and reduces the risk of legal disputes. Issuing shares […]
